Commander’s Inquiry vs 15-6 Investigation: The Key Differences
The difference between an informal review and a career-defining investigation.
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What Is the Main Difference Between a Commander’s Inquiry and a 15-6 Investigation?
A Commander’s Inquiry and an AR 15-6 investigation are both Army fact-finding processes, but they serve different purposes and carry different consequences. A Commander’s Inquiry is informal and used to gather preliminary information, while an AR 15-6 investigation follows formal procedures and can lead to significant administrative or disciplinary action. Understanding the difference can help servicemembers protect their rights and military careers.
The primary difference between a Commander’s Inquiry and an AR 15-6 investigation is the level of formality. A Commander’s Inquiry is an informal tool commanders use to gather information quickly and determine whether further action is necessary. It generally remains within the chain of command and does not follow a prescribed investigative framework.
An AR 15-6 investigation is a formal administrative investigation governed by Army Regulation 15-6. A commander appoints an investigating officer, who collects evidence, interviews witnesses, reviews records, and prepares written findings and recommendations. Those findings can later influence personnel decisions, administrative actions, disciplinary proceedings, or security clearance reviews.
Because the consequences of a 15-6 investigation can be significant, service members should understand the process and seek legal guidance early when they become aware that an investigation is underway.
Commander’s Inquiry vs. AR 15-6: What the Army Regulations Say
Army Regulation 15-6 governs formal administrative investigations. The regulation establishes procedures for appointing investigating officers, collecting evidence, making findings, and providing recommendations to commanders.
A Commander’s Inquiry, by contrast, is not governed by a single standalone regulation. It stems from command authority under AR 600-20 and a commander’s responsibility to maintain good order and discipline. Because there is no uniform procedure, the scope and structure of a Commander’s Inquiry may vary from one command to another.
The difference in regulatory authority creates important practical distinctions. A 15-6 investigation generally produces a written record that may later be reviewed by commanders, legal advisors, or appellate authorities. A Commander’s Inquiry typically does not generate the same level of documentation or formal review.
Both processes are used throughout the Army, whether a service member is stationed in the United States or overseas.
When Is a Commander’s Inquiry Used?
Commanders often use a Commander’s Inquiry when they need preliminary information before deciding whether a formal investigation is warranted.
Common situations include:
- Minor misconduct allegations
- Leadership concerns within a unit
- Administrative irregularities
- Workplace disputes
- Initial reviews of complaints or reports
- Determining whether a more formal investigation is necessary
The goal is generally to gather enough information for the commander to make an informed decision about next steps. In some cases, the matter is resolved at this stage. In others, the inquiry uncovers facts that lead to a formal investigation.
When Is an AR 15-6 Investigation Required?
An AR 15-6 investigation is often used when allegations are more serious or when commanders need a comprehensive factual record before taking action.
Examples include:
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Serious misconduct allegations
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Equal Opportunity complaints
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Sexual harassment allegations
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Line-of-duty determinations
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Loss, damage, or destruction of government property
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Command-directed investigations involving significant events
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Incidents involving injury, death, or substantial operational impact
The scope of a 15-6 investigation depends on the appointing authority’s instructions, but the process is generally more detailed than that of a Commander’s Inquiry.
Commander’s Inquiry vs. AR 15-6 Investigation: Quick Comparison
Factor
Commander’s Inquiry
AR 15-6 Investigation
Purpose
Preliminary fact gathering
Formal investigation
Governing Authority
Command authority under AR 600-20 and inherent command authority
Army Regulation 15-6
Investigating Officer
Not required
Required
Written Findings
Usually not required
Required
Rebuttal Rights
Limited
Often available depending on the action contemplated
Potential Consequences
Internal command decisions
Article 15, GOMOR, separation, security clearance review, or other adverse actions
When a Commander’s Inquiry Can Become Something More
A Commander’s Inquiry and a 15-6 investigation do not always remain separate processes. An inquiry can become a formal investigation if additional concerns arise.
For example, a commander may begin gathering information informally and later determine that a more thorough review is necessary. In that situation, the commander can appoint an investigating officer and initiate a 15-6 investigation.
The scope of a 15-6 investigation may also expand as new information emerges. An investigation initially focused on one allegation may uncover unrelated misconduct that becomes the subject of separate command action.
Certain allegations can create additional procedural requirements. Equal Opportunity complaints, sexual harassment allegations, and other protected complaints may require specific investigative procedures under applicable Army regulations.
Security clearance holders should also recognize that findings from a 15-6 investigation may be considered during separate security clearance reviews, even if no disciplinary action ultimately results.
Procedural issues can sometimes become important as well. Army Regulation 15-6 establishes investigative requirements and expected timelines. While delays alone do not necessarily invalidate an investigation, significant procedural deficiencies may become relevant when evaluating the fairness and reliability of the process.
How Long Does a Commander’s Inquiry or 15-6 Investigation Take?
The timeline varies considerably depending on the complexity of the allegations and the number of witnesses involved.
A Commander’s Inquiry is often completed within days or a few weeks. Because it is informal, the process can move quickly and may conclude once the commander has gathered sufficient information.
An AR 15-6 investigation generally takes longer. The investigating officer must review evidence, interview witnesses, analyze documents, and prepare written findings. Additional time may be required for legal review and command consideration.
Some investigations conclude within several weeks, while more complex matters can take several months. Cases involving multiple witnesses, classified information, or parallel administrative proceedings frequently require additional time.
What Happens During a 15-6 Investigation?
A formal AR 15-6 investigation typically follows several stages.
A 15-6 investigation is formal. The commander appoints an investigating officer (IO) in writing. Pursuant to Army Regulation 15-6, this appointment must be documented before the IO takes any action.
Stage 1: The Decision to Investigate
A commander chooses the type of review based on the situation. A Commander’s Inquiry is informal. It starts and ends within the unit, often in just a few days.
A 15-6 investigation is formal. The commander appoints an investigating officer (IO) in writing. Under Army Regulation 15-6, this appointment must be documented before the IO takes any action.
This decision matters. The more serious the allegation, the more likely a 15-6 is used.
Stage 2: The Inquiry or Investigation Begins
For a Commander’s Inquiry, the process is quick. The commander or a trusted NCO gathers facts through interviews, statements, or documents. No formal rules govern this stage. It can wrap up in a few days.
A 15-6 investigation takes longer. The IO collects sworn statements, reviews records, and interviews witnesses. This stage typically lasts 1 to 2 weeks, though it may be longer in complex cases.
The IO must give you a chance to respond if you are a subject of the investigation.
Stage 3: Findings and Recommendations
The IO drafts findings based on the evidence. Each finding is tied to a conclusion, including whether a policy was violated, whether conduct was improper, or whether no fault exists. The IO also writes recommendations.
These tell the commander what action, if any, to take.
For a Commander’s Inquiry, this step is informal. No written findings are required. The commander simply draws a conclusion and decides the next steps.
Stage 4: Legal Review
15-6 investigations that may lead to serious action are subject to legal review. A Judge Advocate, a military lawyer, reviews the IO’s work for legal errors, due-process issues, and factual support. This review can take one to two weeks.
The legal reviewer may send the report back to the IO for corrections. That adds time. It also creates an opening to challenge flawed findings early.
Stage 5: The Appointing Authority Reviews and Acts
The appointing authority, usually a battalion or brigade commander, reads the final report. They can approve, disapprove, or modify the IO’s findings. Then they decide what action to take.
Action can range from no action to a GOMOR (General Officer Memorandum of Reprimand), an Article 15, or referral to a separation board. In cases involving a security clearance, the findings may also trigger a separate review process.
Stage 6: Your Right to Respond
If you are a subject of a 15-6 investigation, Army regulation gives you the right to see the findings and submit a rebuttal before final action is taken. This window is short, often just a few days. A well-written rebuttal can change the outcome.
Missing this window can hurt your case.
A Commander’s Inquiry does not carry the same formal rebuttal rights as a formal inquiry. But you can still speak to your commander directly and present your side before any action is taken.
The entire 15-6 process, from appointment to final action, typically runs 30 to 60 days. Some cases run longer. The timeline depends on the complexity of the allegation, the IO’s workload, and the number of legal reviews required.
If a sexual harassment or equal opportunity allegation is involved, the process may also follow separate regulatory timelines under Army EO policy, which can run parallel to the 15-6.
Rights and Considerations for Servicemembers
Service members involved in either process should understand that statements made during an inquiry or investigation may have significant consequences.
Article 31(b) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (10 U.S.C. § 831) provides important protections against self-incrimination. In situations where questioning concerns suspected misconduct, service members may have rights that should be carefully considered before making statements.
Individuals identified as subjects of a 15-6 investigation may, depending on the circumstances and the nature of any proposed adverse action, be given an opportunity to review findings and submit written matters for consideration. The specific rights available can vary based on the type of action being contemplated.
Because investigations often develop quickly, obtaining legal advice early can help servicemembers understand their rights, obligations, and available options.
When to Seek Legal Guidance on Your Case
If your command initiates a Commander’s Inquiry or an AR 15-6 investigation, it is often beneficial to seek legal guidance as early as possible. Early involvement allows you to better understand the allegations, preserve relevant evidence, and make informed decisions before providing statements or responding to findings.
At Fortis Military Defense, LLC, we help servicemembers understand investigative processes, evaluate potential risks, and protect their military careers throughout every stage of a Commander’s Inquiry or AR 15-6 investigation.
Common Questions About Commander’s Inquiries and 15-6 Investigations
Can a Commander’s Inquiry be used against me later?
Yes, findings from a Commander’s Inquiry can be referenced if your command decides to open a formal AR 15-6 investigation afterward. The informal nature of the inquiry does not make its findings disappear from your record.
Does a 15-6 investigation always lead to punishment?
Not always. A 15-6 review produces findings and may include recommendations, but the appointing authority decides what action to take. Some cases result in no action; others lead to an Article 15, a GOMOR, or separation proceedings.
Can I refuse to answer questions during either process?
You have the right to remain silent under Verify citation, Article 31, UCMJ (10 U.S.C. § 831), for rights warnings. Confirm the applicability phrasing is accurate, which applies to both informal inquiries and formal investigations. Exercising that right early, before speaking to an attorney, can protect you from self-incrimination.
Who sees the results of a 15-6 investigation?
The final report goes to the appointing authority, and depending on the outcome, findings may reach higher command levels or your permanent record. If adverse actions follow, those findings could affect your security clearance or future assignments.
Can I submit a rebuttal to a 15-6 finding?
In many cases, yes. If the findings lead to an Article 15 or administrative action, you typically have the right to respond in writing. A well-prepared rebuttal can challenge flawed findings before they cause lasting career damage.
Frequently Asked Questions About Commander’s Inquiries and 15-6 Investigations
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What is the main difference between a Commander’s Inquiry and an AR 15-6 investigation?
A Commander’s Inquiry is an informal preliminary review used for quick fact-finding, while an AR 15-6 investigation is a formal administrative process governed by Army Regulation 15-6 with mandatory written findings.
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How long does an AR 15-6 investigation typically take?
The entire AR 15-6 process, from the formal appointment of the investigating officer to the final command decision, typically takes 30 to 60 days.
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Do service members have the right to remain silent during an inquiry or investigation?
Yes, under Article 31(b) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, any service member suspected of an offense has the right to remain silent during both informal inquiries and formal investigations.
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Can a service member submit a written response or rebuttal to 15-6 findings?
Yes, if a 15-6 investigation results in proposed adverse administrative or disciplinary action, the service member generally has the right to review the findings and submit a written rebuttal before final action is taken.
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Can an informal Commander’s Inquiry turn into a formal 15-6 investigation?
Yes, if preliminary fact-gathering reveals serious allegations or complex issues, the commander can formally appoint an investigating officer and initiate an AR 15-6 investigation.